Understanding Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD)  

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a small but complex joint located just in front of each ear. It connects your jawbone (mandible) to your skull (temporal bone) and works like a sliding hinge. This joint allows you to talk, chew, and yawn smoothly, thanks to a cushioning disc inside the joint that absorbs forces and keeps movement stable.

When the TMJ or the surrounding muscles do not work properly, it can lead to Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD). TMD is a broad term that describes pain, stiffness, or dysfunction affecting the jaw, often with knock-on effects to the head, face, and neck.

Muscles Involved in Jaw Movement

The TMJ relies on several key muscles to control movement:

  • Masseter: A powerful muscle on the side of the jaw, essential for closing the mouth and chewing.
  • Temporalis: A fan-shaped muscle on the side of the head, helping to close the jaw and retract it backwards.
  • Medial pterygoid: Works with the masseter to elevate the jaw and assist in side-to-side movements.
  • Lateral pterygoid: Important for opening the mouth and moving the jaw side to side or forwards.

These muscles work in coordination. When they become tight, fatigued, or imbalanced—often due to teeth grinding, stress, or poor posture—they can contribute significantly to TMD symptoms.

Common Symptoms of TMD

  • Jaw pain, stiffness, or tenderness
  • Clicking, popping, or grinding noises in the jaw
  • Difficulty opening the mouth wide
  • Pain when chewing or yawning
  • Headaches or facial pain
  • Neck and shoulder tension
  • A feeling of the jaw “locking” open or closed

How Physiotherapy Can Help

Physiotherapy is a safe, non-invasive treatment option for TMD. Your physiotherapist will conduct a comprehensive assessment of your jaw, neck, and posture to determine the factors contributing to your symptoms.

Treatment may include:

  • Manual therapy: Gentle hands-on techniques to release tight muscles, reduce stiffness, and improve joint movement.
  • Targeted exercises: To strengthen weak muscles, restore balance, and improve control of jaw movement.
  • Posture and ergonomic advice: Adjusting the position of the head, neck, and shoulders can help reduce strain on the TMJ.
  • Relaxation and habit strategies: Helping with teeth grinding, clenching, or stress-related tension that often worsens TMD.

With the right treatment, many people notice significant improvements in pain, function, and overall quality of life. 

If you are suffering from TMD, get in tuch to see how one of our physios can help. 


 

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